MIKETS_GENESIS XLI:1-XLIV:17
The relationship between Yosef and his brothers is the pivot on which the narrative of these chapters revolves and forms a unit with the previous and subsequent chapters. The narrative is fundamental because we are at the dawn of the formation of the Hebrew nation that originates in the familiar setting of the house of the third patriarch Yaacov.
Undoubtedly, the first patriarch Avraham was the great iconoclast who charted a new route for his offspring through his faith in the existence of a unique Creator of the universe. On the other hand, the second patriarch, Yitschak, was the link that gave continuity to this spiritual project, although he had an apparent lower performance than the other patriarchs. However, the fact that he never left the Promised Land highlighted the crucial importance this territory would have for developing the Jewish people.
Unlike his father and descendants, Yitschak had only one wife, who ensured the continuity of the message through Yaacov, the youngest of his twins. But the one who lays the foundation for the creation of a nascent people is the third patriarch, Yaacov. Jealousy and the initial rivalry between the brothers finally give way to understanding and recognizing the common cause, which is the welfare of the collective.
If we set aside the personality of Yosef, who was in the Egyptian court, the rivalry among the brothers was manifested through Reuven, the firstborn, and Yehuda, the fourth son, who demonstrated exceptional leadership qualities.
Yonah Bar Maoz contrasts the characteristics of both brothers and describes their strengths and weaknesses. We recall that the conflict between the brothers manifested itself in a hostile and antagonistic way when Yosef found them in Dothan, where they had searched for pasture for their flocks. They thought perhaps that he was chasing them so that he could tell the father about the infidelities and mistakes they committed. They did not know that Yosef was following his father’s instructions. Their reaction becomes aggressive in the presence of Yosef, and they decide to end the young man’s impertinence once and for all. Their decision is to kill him.
At that crucial moment, Reuven argues that it was preferable to throw him into a pit so that nature would take care of his death and thus avoid the brothers staining their hands with blood. There is no doubt that Yosef’s dreams of greatness specifically targeted Reuven. Because of his firstborn status, he should have been the natural leader of the brothers, a position that Yosef now wished to assume.
The Tora mentions that Reuven’s intention had been to rescue Yosef from the pit and send him to his father’s home to protect him from the boundless wrath of the brothers. Even though his death would have removed the challenger from his leadership, in this way, Reuven is shown as a responsible individual for the physical integrity of Yosef.
It may be that this was a way of ingratiating himself with the father for the sin he had committed with Bilha, one of Yaacov’s concubines. The idea of Yosef’s “sale” comes rather from the fourth brother, Yehuda, who, in a skillful tactical move, expresses the fury of the brothers but, at the same time, saves Yosef from certain death.
Slavery, however, was not a guarantee of life. On the contrary, death was most likely its final consequence.
Yosef insists that Binyamin be present at the next visit to buy food, and Reuven fails to convince the father, even when he offers the lives of his own children as guarantors. Instead, Yehuda makes an argument that obtains the consent of the elderly father. Yehuda argues that he will be personally responsible for the physical integrity of Binyamin because his presence will allow the family to remain alive and not succumb to famine.
In this sense, he offers himself as a slave when Yosef insists that his younger brother should be imprisoned for stealing his cup, an element used in those times for charm and divination. Yehuda showed boldness and courage in the presence of Yosef, who had not yet revealed his identity. A daring that could cost him his life because it was possible that Yosef would use this circumstance to take revenge on his brothers for the vile treatment he had suffered from them.
The drama can be seen from different points of view; in any case, one can observe how the figure of Yehuda grows. The dramatic parenthesis with the story of Yehuda and Tamar illustrates the strength of this brother’s character, who takes responsibility for his conduct at a time when he could have concealed his dubious performance. He acknowledges that he is the father of the child in Tamar’s belly, who should not have had sex with another man because she was meant to be the wife of her late husband’s younger brother.
Although Yehuda excels, Reuven is not discarded. On the one hand, Yaacov will affirm: “Lo yasur shevet miYehuda”, “the command will not depart from Yehuda“, but he will also says:”Yechi Reuven ve’al yamut”, which according to exegetes should be interpreted as “Yechi Reuven”, “Reuven will live in this world”; “ve’al yamut”, “And he will not die in the world to come.” He will “live” to save Yosef and “not die” for the sin with Bilha.