EXODUS I:1-VI:1
PHARAOH’S FUTILE EFFORTS
Shemot means names, a nomenclature that emphasizes the importance that the Torah attaches to the name of the person or place, because it usually reveals some fundamental characteristic. For example, the first man is designated as Adambecause he comes from the earth, which in Hebrew is adama. The designation Shemot is the first significant word in the text that begins with the phrase Veele Shemot….
However, in the account of Moses’ birth, the Torah narrates that a man from the tribe of Levi took a woman from the same tribe and describes how they hid their newborn male for 3 months, without mentioning the names of these three characters. Perhaps the intention was to put the magnifying glass on the events, the fact that the parents went to the extreme of placing their baby in a basket so that he could navigate the river and find a different destination.
Apparently, the risk posed by the waters of the river was preferable to the death sentence ordered by Pharaoh against newborn boys. It is unknown what the name of this baby was given by the parents, because the name Moses was given to him by Pharaoh’s daughter, whose name is also not mentioned. Several exegetes suppose that the name Moses is of Egyptian origin, because if the Hebrew language had been used his name should have been Mashui, which means “drawn” from the waters. Perhaps the name Moses does not refer to his rescue from the waters, but to his future path, which will be to extract the Hebrew people from Egyptian slavery.
Moshe’s fate was a consequence of the rules that the Egyptians imposed to curb the growth of the Hebrew population, because they feared that, at the time of an enemy incursion from abroad, the Hebrews would become allies of the invaders. In this sense, the pharaoh enslaved the Hebrews, thinking that forced labor would also curb procreation, since men would be kidnapped most of the time on the land where the pharaonic constructions were erected.
Nevertheless, the Hebrews continued to multiply exponentially. According to the Midrash, multiple births were very common. If the only objective had been to curb the Hebrew population growth, it would have been more efficient to eliminate women. But in the minds of the people of the time, including that of the pharaoh, men represented strength, the members of an army that could join would-be invaders.
Faced with the continuous increase in the number of Jews, the pharaoh demanded that the midwives who attended to the Hebrew women murder the newborn males immediately after childbirth. But the Torah relates that the midwives disobeyed the instructions and, in this way, became the pioneers in disobeying a royal order. They claimed that Hebrew women gave birth on their own, because they were so strong. They lied, a fact that deserves to be evaluated: is lying admissible when the survival of the collective is in danger? In any case, their courage was rewarded, because according to the biblical text they had offspring who would be part of the future leadership of the people.
Pharaoh did not rest in his attempt to slow the growth of the Hebrews; moreover, he had been warned by his astrologers that the “savior” of the Hebrews was about to be born. Because of the midwives’ contempt or complicity with the women in labor, Pharaoh ordered the boys to be thrown into the river immediately after their birth. Moses’ parents were able to hide the newborn, because according to an ancient tradition, the baby was born a few months before the gestation period was completed. Unable to hide the event any longer, the parents chose to place the newborn in a basket on the waters of the Nile River.
The biblical account demonstrates the interaction between God and man. The Hebrew people perceive that Etsba Elohim, the “finger of God” is present in the events, but at the same time we will read a Divine instruction, when the danger of the Egyptian hordes that persecuted them after the exodus is realized. God instructs: Daber el Benei Yisrael Veyisau, “tell the people to undertake the journey.” The people could not rely solely on miraculous events, they had to take initiatives, a fact that comes to light in Moses’ outstanding leadership.